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H. G. PECK. METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR SHAPING AND TENSIONING PISTON RINGS.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT-27,1915- Patented Aug. 8, 1916.

3 wue/wto a HERBERT G. PECK, 0F FRANKLIN TOWNSHIP, SOMERSET COUNTY, NEW JERSEY.

METHOD OF AND MEANS FOR SHAPING AND TENSIONING PISTON-RINGS.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Aug. 8, 1916.

Application filed September 27, 1915. Serial No. 52,824.

T 0 all whom it may concern:

citizen of the United States, and resident of y Franklin township, in the county of Somerset and State of' New Jersey, have lnvented certain new and useful Improvements in Methods of and Means for Shaping and Tensioning PistonRings, of which the following is a specification.

The object of my invention is to shape piston rings to the required dimension and impart to such rings a certain character of what I term rolling pressure to provlde the rings with desired elastic qualities or tension.

By means of my improvements I am enabled to cause the material from which the rings are made to have desired stiffness or rigidity at the central portion or that portion substantially diametrically opposite the slit or separated ends of the rings, and to have gradually decreasing stiffness from such central portion toward the ends, whereby the rings may have a, relatively corresponding tension at substantially all points.

In carrying out my invention 1 pass a roller in contact with a ring and impart greater pressure on the ring at one part than at other parts thereof. For such purposes I provide a member having a seat or recess to receive the ring to be operated and having an abutment or wall against which the ring may bear, a roller to engage the inner surface of the ring, means to propel the roller within the ring against its inner surface, and to cause such roller to bear against the ring with varying degrees of pressure at different points along the ring I mount the roller eccentrically with respect to the ring, whereby as the roller is moved in contact with the ring gradually increasing or decreasing pressures of the roller upon the ring may be efiected, as from a point near one end of the ring toward its center portion gradually increasing pressure may be produced upon the ring and then gradually decreasing pressure of the roller upon the ring from such center portion of the ring toward the opposite end thereof may be produced. The result of such pressures upon the ring will be to impart to the ring different degrees of stiffness along the same. 4

My invention further comprises novel details of improvement and combinations of parts that will be more fully hereinafter set forth and then pointed out in the claims.

Reference is to be had to the accompanymg drawings forming part hereof, wherein,

F1gure l is a partially sectional view of a device embodying my improvements, the section being taken substantially on the irregular line 1, l, in Fig. 2; Fig. 2 is a partly sectional face view of Fig. l, illustrating the handle in dotted lines, and showing the ring-pressing roller at a point for commencing operation on the ring; Fig. 3 1s a view substantially similar to Fig. 2 illustrating the pressing roller at a point near completion of its work on the ring, and Figs. 4 and 5 are detail views illustrating diiferent forms of rollers for operating on the ring.

In the accompanying drawings the numeral 1 indicates a member which may be made of suitable metal adapted to be held in any suitable manner, which member is shown provided with a recess 2 adapted to receive a ring 3, such as a piston ring, somewhat loosely therein, whereby the outer circumference of the ring 3 may bear against an annular abutment or wall 4 surrounding recess 2 of said member. The ring 3, as illustrated in Fig. 2, may be of the ordinary form of metal ring out from stock and slit or divided at 3 to permit expansion and contraction of the ring in a usual manner.

At 5 is a roller, adapted to fit within and bear against the inner surface of ring 3, and in the form of my invention illustrated in the accompanying drawings said roller is pivotally mounted to rotate on its axis and is mounted eccentrically with respect to the concentric abutment or wall 4 of member 1.

I have shown roller 5 pivotally mounted upon a stud or screw 6 that is carried by a rotative support or arm 7, having its axis at a point within abutment or wall 4, whereby the roller 5 may be carried around within said abutment or wall in contact with a ring 3. I have shown support 7 provided with a rotating said support an ported near the centeror axis of abutment or wall 4. In a simple form of my invention,

illustrated in the accompanying drawings,

support 7 is provided with an extension 7 in the form of an arm havin the handle 9 for roller manually, although said support and tated by any suitable means desired.

At 10 is a bearing or bushing receiving spindle or shaft 8, which spindle or shaft is shown provided with a shoulder 8" hearing upon the adjacent end of bearing or bushing 10, whereby support 7 and roller 5 are properly guided during rotation. Bearing or bushing 10 is. adapted to be set eccentrically with respect to abutment or wall 4, and for such purpose the member 1 is shown provided with a bore 1 receiving said bearing." Bearing 10 is shown pro vided with'a shoulder or flange 10 entering a counterseat 1 at the'bottom of recess 2, and a nut 11 screwed upon said bearing serves to retain the same clamped to member 1. vIn order to make the desired ad justment of bearing 10 to provide for the desired eccentricity of said bearing with respect to abutment 4, and to resist di'splacement of said bearing from its set position, I have shown screws 12 meshing in threaded apertures 1 in member 1, and said screws are preferably diametrically opposed so that their ends may bear against the sides of bearing 10. By rotating screws 12 in a de-- sired manner, the bearing 10 maybe set in desired eccentric position with respect to the axis of abutment 4 and will be so retained by said screws and by nut 11 and shoulder 10. v

To provide for operating upon rings of diflerent thicknesses, as well as to take up wear of the rollers 5, or provide for varying diameters of such rollers, I have shown the spindle or shaft 8 mounted to be adjusted along support 7 with relation to roller 5, for

which purpose I have shown said support provided with a slot 7 receivingsaid spindle or shaft, and I have shown a screw 14 passing freely through said slot and through an opening 15 in the wall of support 7, which screw meshes in a threaded aperture 8 in spindle or shaft 8. When screw 14 is rotated, in one direction or another, the spindle or shaft 8 will be moved relatively to roller 5, and by means of a nut 16 fitted on the threaded end of spindle or shaft 8, the latter may be tightly clamped to support 7, the shoulder 8 of said spindle or shaft being adapted to be forced by said nut against support 7.

The piston ring 3 to be operated on or tensioned is placed in recess 2 of member 1, with its slit 3 substantially in diametrical alinement with the point of greatest eccen roller maybe ro- 10. Assuming that tricity of said bearing,

tricity of bearing or bushing 10 with respect to abutment or wall 4, and then spindle 8 is applied to said bearing with the roller 5 within ring 3 and ate point adjacent to the slit 3 of said ring, an end portion of said ring preferably being in contact with an adjacent portion of abutment or wall 4.- The point at which roller 5 first engages the inner surface of ring 3 is determined by the extent of eccentricity of bearing or bushing roller 5 is intended to engage ring 3 at a point distant from slit 3 substantially equal to, say, one-sixth of the diameter of said ring, the bearing 10 will be correspondinglyset. The support 7 will next be rotated, say in the direction of the arrows in Fig. 2, and roller 5 will engage the inner surface of ring 3 and force its outer surface against'abutment or wall 4, (substantially as illustrated in Fig. 2), and then, as support 7 continues to rotate, the roller 5 will continue to press against said ring and force it against abutment or wall 4, with continuing and increasing pressure due to the eccentricity of bearing 10, until the roller bears upon the ring at a point, such as at a, opposite the greatest eccenbeing opposite the slit 3 of the ring, by bemg gradually Y pressed between the roller and abutment or wall 4, will-have increasing stiffness imparted to it as far as the point a, and as the roller continues to bear against the ring and to press it against abutment or wall 4 beyond said point a of greatest eccentricity of bearing 10, the pressure imparted to said ring by said roller will gradually decrease, until such roller passes out of contact with the ring at a point distant from the slit 3 approximately one-sixth of the diameter of the ring substantially in the example given, and substantially as indicated in Fig. 3. While the roller 5 is rolling in contact with in the example illustrated. The metal ring 3 the position of said ring will be shiftedwithin abutment or wall 4, since roller 5 will keep pushing said ring into roller. The position of the ring is shown in Fig. 2 approximately such as it assumes when roller 5 begins to bear against it, and the position of the ring is shownapproximately such, as in Fig. 3, where the roller 5 ceases to have pressure on the ring. By reason of the pressing contact of the roller against the ring, forcing the latter against abutment or wall 4, the material ofthe ring s compressed to a varying extent, and the ring is expanded so that its slit 3 is wider in the finished ring, as shown in Fig. 3, than in the ring stock to be operated upon, as shown in Fig. 2. The varylng degrees of increasing pressure upon the ring from the starting point substantially to the mid-portion indicated at a, and the varying degrees of decreasing pressure from the point a toward the end of the operation, which pressures are substantially equal at opposite sides of the ring, causes the material' of the ring to be so pressed that varying degrees of stiffness will be imparted along the ring from opposite sides of its slit, so that the ring will be stiffer diametrically opposite said slit than at other places, and the stifiness of the ring will decrease from the point a in opposite directions. The result of such operation upon the ring will be that the ring will have a substantially equal tension at all points, and by reason of the spreading of the ring during the pressing or rolling operation the required diameter of the finished ring may he produced.

Instead of causing roller 5 to pass in contact with the ring continuously in one direction past the point a; from the beginning to the termination of the operation of the roller on the ring, it will be understood that roller 5 may be caused to pass along the ring from a point substantially as shown at the righthand side of Fig. 2 to the pointapproximately at a and then the roller may be passed reversely and brought into contact with the ring substantially at the position shown in Fig. 3, and then be caused to move along and in contact with the ring at the lefthand side thereof (Fig. 3), approximately to the point a, and then back to the starting point, the effect of which will be to give double rolling pressure on opposite sides of point a, where the greatest degree of compression is applied to the ring, as distinguished from a single rolling pressure along the ring as first described.

The bushing 10 may be set eccentrically with respect to the axis of abutment or wall 4, in accordance with the thickness of the ring stock, or the desired pressure of the roller upon said ring stock, or both, and the point at which the roller 5 begins to bear upon the ring and the point at which said roller ceases to bear upon the ring may be determined by adjusting spindle or shaft 8 with respect to roller 5, which adjustment also will haye reference to the extent of eccentricity of bearing or bushingv 10 with respect to abutment or wall 4.

The periphery of roller 5 may ave any desired shape or contour. In Figs. 1, 2 and 3 the roller is represented as knurled or toothed, whereby it will make transversely disposed dents in the inner surface of ring 3, with the consequent displacement and compression of the material of the ring. In Fig. 4 the surface of the roller 5 is represented as smooth, and in Fig. 5 the surface of the roller is represented as provided with annular ribs. the'ring, however, may with the result desired.

Having now described my invention what I claim is v 1. The method of imparting varying degrees of stiffness to rings consisting in passing a roller along and in contact with the surface of a ring, and imparting a greater degree of pressure to the ring at one point than on opposite sides thereof.

2. The method of imparting varying degrees of stiffness to rings consisting in applying gradually increasing rolling pressure to the ring for 'a suitable distance and applying suitable decreasing pressure to the ring for a farther distance along the same.

3. A machine of the class described comprising a member having an abutment for a ring, a roller opposed to said abutment, and means to rotate said roller and said abutment relativelv one to another along an interposed ring, and means whereby the distance between the roller and the abutment is gradually varied during the rolling operation thus producing varying pressure against the ring.

A. A machine of the class described comprising a member having an annular abutment, a roller adapted to oppose said abutment providing a space therebetween to receive a ring, and means to rotatively and cocentrically support said roller to engage said ring to cause said roller to bear upon said ring with varying degrees of pressure.

5. A machine of the class described comprising a member havingan annular abutment, a roller adapted to oppose said abutment providing a space therebetween to receive a ring, a movable support for said roller, a spindle for said support, and means to eccentrically support said spindle with respect to said abutment,

6. A machine, of the class described comprising a member having an annular abutment, a roller adapted to oppose said abutment provlding a space therebetween toreceive a ring, a movable support for said roller, a spindle for said support, a bearing for said spindle, and means to eccentrically support said bearing with respect to said abutment.

7. A machine of the class described comprising a member having an annular abutment, a roller adapted to oppose said abutment providing a space therebetween to receive a ring, a movable support for said roller, a spindle for said support, a bearing for said spindle, said member having a bore receiving said bearing, said bore being of greater diameter than said bearing, and means to adjust said bearing eccentrically in said bore and retain said bearing eccentrically set with respect to said abutment.

be in accordance The shape of the surface of 8. A'machine of the class described comprising a member having an annular abutment, a roller adapted to oppose said abutment providing a space therebetween to receive a ring, a movable support for said roller, a spindle for said support, a bearing for said spindle, said abutment having a bore of greater diameter than the bearing, and screws fitted to said member adapted to coact with said bearing to adjust the latter relatively to said abutment.

9. A machine of the class described comprising a member having an annular abutment, a roller adapted to oppose said abutment providing a space therebetween to receivera ring, a movable support for said roller, a spindle for said support, a bearing for said spindle, said abutment having a bore of greater diameter than the bearing, screws fitted to said member adapted to coact with said bearing to adjust the latter relatively to said abutment, said bearing having a flange adapted to seat against said member, and a nut threaded upon said bearing to clamp the latter in set relation to said member.

10. A machine of the class described comprising a member having an annular abutment, a roller adapted'to oppose s aid abutment providing a space therebetween to receive a ring, a movable support 'for said roller, a spindle for said support, means to eccentrically support said spindle with respect to said abutment, and means to adjust said spindle and roller with relation one to a another upon said support.

screw-coacting With said spindle and sup-.

port for adjusting the spindle relatively to the support.

Signed at New York city, in the county of N eW York,-and State of New York, this th day of September, A. D. 1915.

HERBERT J. PEOK.

Witnesses:

T. F. BoURNE, MARIE 1*. WAINRIGHT. 

